Complex magnetic phase diagram and skyrmion lifetime in an ultrathin film from atomistic simulations

We determined the magnetic B-T phase diagram of PdFe bilayer on Ir(111) surface by performing Monte Carlo and spin dynamics simulations based on an effective classical spin model. The parameters of the spin model were determined by ab initio methods. At low temperatures we found three types of ordered phases, while at higher temperatures, below the completely disordered paramagnetic phase, a large region of the phase diagram is associated with a fluctuation-disordered phase. Within the applied model, this state is characterized by the presence of skyrmions with finite lifetime. According to the simulations, this lifetime follows the Arrhenius law as a function of temperature.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure

Current concept on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease-crosstalk between genetic and microbial factors: Pathogenic bacteria and altered bacterial sensing or changes in mucosal integrity take "toll"?

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is only partially understood. Various environmental and host (e.g. genetic-, epithelial-, immune and non-immune) factors are involved. It is a multifactorial polygenic disease with probable genetic heterogeneity. Some genes are associated with IBD itself, while others increase the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) or are associated with disease location and/or behaviour. This review addresses recent advances in the genetics of IBD. The article discusses the current information on the crosstalk between microbial and genetic factors (e.g. NOD2/CARD15, SLC22A46A5 and DLG5). The genetic data acquired in recent years help in understanding the pathogenesis of IBD and can identify a number of potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In the future, genetics may help more accurately diagnose and predict disease course in IBD

Formation and stability of metastable skyrmionic spin structures with various topologies in an ultrathin film

We observe metastable localized spin configurations with topological charges ranging from $Q=-3$ to $Q=2$ in a (Pt$_{0.95}$Ir$_{0.05}$)/Fe bilayer on Pd$(111)$ surface by performing spin dynamics simulations, using a classical Hamiltonian parametrized by ab initio calculations. We demonstrate that the frustration of the isotropic exchange interactions is responsible for the creation of these various types of skyrmionic structures. The Dzyaloshinsky--Moriya interaction present due to the breaking of inversion symmetry at the surface energetically favors skyrmions with $Q=-1$, distorts the shape of the other objects, and defines a preferred orientation for them with respect to the underlying lattice.Comment: 9 pages manuscript, 3 figures, 4 table

Toxikus elemek felvételének, mozgásának és átalakulásának vizsgálata nehézfémterheléses kísérletben = Examination of the uptake, movement and transformation of toxic elements in the heavy-metal-load experiment

Meghatároztuk a Nagyhörcsöki Nehézfém Terheléses Kísérlet növény- (kukorica, sárgarépa, borsó, őszi búza) és talajmintái (az As, Cd, Mo, Pb és Se elemekkel kezelt parcellák) elemtartalmát. Az analízishez multielemes analitikai módszert dolgoztunk ki Optima 3300 DV típusú ICP-OES készülékre. Megállapítottuk a multielemes mérési módszer paraméterei kompromisszumos optimális értékeit. Induktív csatolású plazma tömegspektrométert (ICP-MS) (Thermo Elemental gyártmányú X7 típusú ICP-MS berendezést) alkalmazva mérési módszert dolgoztunk ki a fenti 5 elem multielemes vizsgálatára. Vizsgáltuk a vízoldható C-tartalmú oldószerek hatását a különböző elemek ICP-MS-sel mért intenzitására, ezáltal nagymértékben csökkentettük a mérés során felmerülő hiba nagyságát. Mérési módszert dolgoztunk ki (és alkalmaztuk) szelén specieszek vizsgálatára IC-ICP-MS (ionkromatográf-induktív csatolású plazma tömegspektrométer) csatolást alkalmazva. | The element contents of different plants (wheat, carrot, peas, wheat) and soil samples (plots treated with As, Cd, Mo, Pb and Se elements) were determined from Nagyhörcsök Experimental Station Heavy Metal Load Experiment. For analysis a multielement analytical method was elaborated using an Optima 3300 DV type Perkin-Elmer ICP-OES instrument and the compromised values of the parameters also were determined. A multielement analytical method was elaborated applying an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) (X7 type Thermo Elemental ICP-MS instrument) for analyses of As, Cd, Mo, Pb and Se elements. The effect of different water soluble solvents (carbon content) were determined on changes of intensity (concentration) of the above 5 elements (As, Cd, Mo, Pb, Se) using ICP-MS instrument, so we could decrease the magnitude of error of analysis. A speciation analytical method was elaborated applying an ionchromatograph inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (IC-ICP-MS) coupled system for analysis of selenium species

Prema novom jednojezičnom mađarskom objasnidbenom rječniku: pregled mađarskih objasnidbenih rječnika

The Lexical Knowledge Representation Research Group at the Department of Lexicology is one of the youngest research groups of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, founded in February 2020. The group is currently working on a new version of a monolingual explanatory dictionary partly based on The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language. The aim is to compile an up-to-date online dictionary of contemporary Hungarian (2001–2020) by corpus-driven methods. The present article describes The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language and the Comprehensive Dictionary of Hungarian by presenting their history, the circumstances of their compilation, and the basic editorial guidelines. Then it outlines how the corpus for the planned dictionary is to be set up and how this corpus is to be analysed.Istraživačka skupina za prikaz leksičkog znanja jedna je od najmlađih istraživačkih skupina Mađarskog istraživačkog centra za lingvistiku, osnovana u veljači 2020. Skupina trenutno radi na novoj inačici jednojezičnoga objasnidbenog rječnika proizišloga iz Objasnidbenoga rječnika mađarskog jezika. Cilj joj je kompilirati moderan i ažuriran mrežni rječnik mađarskog jezika (2001–2020) koristeći se korpusom vođenim metodama. Članak opisuje Objasnidbeni rječnik mađarskog jezika i Velikog rječnika mađarskog jezika predstavljanjem njihove povijesti, okolnosti u kojima su kompilirani, te osnovnih uredničkih načela. Potom skicira kako će se organizirati i analizirati korpus planiranoga rječnika